《植物生理学报》 2016, 52(11): 1710-1720

植物质体末端氧化酶的分子特性与生理学功能

钱昱琪^*, 王丹凤^*, 付爱根^**

西北大学生命科学学院, 西部资源生物与现代生物技术教育部重点实验室, 陕西省生物技术重点实验室, 西安710069

通信作者：钱昱琪；E-mail: aigenfu@nwu.edu.cn

摘　要：

传统的观点认为耗氧的呼吸电子传递链存在于线粒体中, 放氧的光合电子传递链位于叶绿体中。质体末端氧化酶(plastid terminal oxidase, PTOX)的发现证实叶绿体中也存在着一条耗氧的呼吸电子传递途径。本文从拟南芥的immutans条斑突变体入手, 回顾了PTOX的发现历史, 简单介绍了PTOX 基因的特性和PTOX蛋白的结构与活性, 重点论述了PTOX对植物的光保护作用、类胡萝卜素的生物合成、叶绿体的早期发育等重要过程中的生理作用。

关键词：质体末端氧化酶; 叶绿体呼吸; 条斑化突变体; 叶绿体发育

收稿：2016-09-02   修定：2016-11-02

资助：国家自然科学基金(31270284)。

Molecular features and physiological roles of plant plastid terminal oxidase

QIAN Yu-Qi^*, WANG Dan-Feng^*, FU Ai-Gen^**

College of Life Sciences, Northwest University; Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education); Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Xi’an 710069, China

Corresponding author: QIAN Yu-Qi; E-mail: aigenfu@nwu.edu.cn

Abstract:

It is well known that mitochondria possess oxygen-consuming respiratory electron pathways, and the oxygen-evolving photosynthetic electron pathway is located in chloroplasts. The discovery of a plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) in the chloroplast demonstrates that chloroplasts also harbor an oxygen-consuming respiratory electron pathway. This paper reviews the characterization of PTOX from the famous Arabidopsis variegation mutant immutans. It focuses on the molecular features of PTOX and its global physiological roles in a number of essential processes, such as photoprotection, carotenoid biosynthesis, and early stages of chloroplast development.

Key words: plastid terminal oxidase; chlororespiration; variegation mutants; chloroplast development